Lumières
CULTURAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, LITERARY AND INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT BEGINNING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY, ORIGINATING IN WESTERN EUROPE AND SPREADING THROUGHOUT THE REST OF EUROPE
Philosophy of the Enlightenment
The Lumières (literally in English: The Lights) was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement beginning in the second half of the 17th century, originating in western Europe and spreading throughout the rest of Europe. It included philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, John Locke, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton.